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نمایش مقاله

Title:

Corpus Callosum volume Atrophy Pattern in Common Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Data to Wisdom

Subject:

Clinical Applications of Brain Mappin

Presenter Author:
Name:	Davood Khezerloo

Author:
Name 1:	Davood Khezerloo - Corresponding - Presenter
Affiliation 1:	Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran

Name 2:	Hanieh Ahrabi
Affiliation 2:	Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Name 3:	AmirReza jahanshahi
Affiliation 3:	Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Name 4:	Mostafa Farahani
Affiliation 4:	Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

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Abstract

Original Research

introduction :

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive nerve cell loss and are associated with structural brain changes detectable by MRI. The corpus callosum (CC), a major white matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres, is easily segmented on midsagittal MRI slices and its atrophy serves as a biomarker for these diseases. Although previous studies have reported inconsistent results regarding CC atrophy, reductions in CC size and volume have been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (particularly in those with cognitive decline), and multiple sclerosis (MS), correlating with disease severity. Because the CC is relatively resistant to normal aging, this study focuses on evaluating CC atrophy across common neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, MS, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:

MRI images of 20 AD patients, 20 MCI subjects (Early- and Late-MCI), 40 Parkinson’s disease patients with normal cognition (PD), 36 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and finally 20 matched healthy control (HC) subjects were selected from database. The CC structure was segmented into five sub-regions using FreeSurfer version 7.1.0, a fully automated brain segmentation software. Statistical analyses were conducted with GraphPad Prism version 10, applying independent samples t-tests (p < 0.05) to compare CC volume between study groups. Also, our multiple comparisons were corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to control the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5%.

Results:

FreeSurfer segments the corpus callosum into five subregions: anterior, mid-anterior, central, mid-posterior, and posterior. The anterior and posterior regions of the corpus callosum showed no significant volume differences between the study groups. However, three other CC regions (central, mid-posterior, and mid-anterior) volume differences were significant in ALZ, PD, MCI (p < 0.0001) and MS (p<0.01) Compared to HC group. No significant differences were observed between ALZ, PD and MCI groups in any of CC sub-region volumes.

Conclusion:

Although Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s diseases, Mild-cognitive impairments and multiple sclerosis are primarily characterized by gray matter degeneration, the corpus callosum—a major white matter structure—undergoes significant atrophy in these diseases, maybe due to impairment communication and information transfer between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. This study demonstrates the patterns of corpus callosum volume atrophy across common neurodegenerative diseases. While the posterior and anterior CC regions showed no significant volume differences, the central, mid-anterior, and mid-posterior sub-regions exhibited marked atrophy during neurodegenerative diseases. These findings highlight the potential of regional CC atrophy as a biomarker for differentiating neurodegenerative conditions and underscore the relevance of sub-regional analysis in understanding disease-specific brain changes.

Keywords:

Corpus Callosum atrophy, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Multiple Sclerosis