| Title:
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Enhancing Usability of Mobile Banking Apps for Elderly Users: Eye-Tracking Insights into Attention Patterns and Cognitive Workload
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| Author(s):
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1
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| Subject:
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Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
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Presenter Author:
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| Name:
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Elahe Amouzadeh
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Author:
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| Name 1:
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Elahe Amouzadeh - Presenter
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| Affiliation 1:
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Department of Ergonomics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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| Name 2:
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Iman Dianat
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| Affiliation 2:
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Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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| Name 3:
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Javad Faradmal
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| Affiliation 3:
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Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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| Name 4:
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Maryam Khalili
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| Affiliation 4:
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Department of Industrial Design, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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| Name 5:
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Mohammad Babamiri5 - Corresponding
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| Affiliation 5:
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Department of Ergonomics, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Abstract
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Original Research
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introduction :
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With the global aging population projected to reach 2.1 billion individuals over 60 by 2050, designing inclusive digital interfaces is crucial. Mobile banking apps (MBAs) pose significant usability challenges for elderly users due to cognitive and perceptual declines, such as reduced processing speed and visual acuity. This study aimed to optimize MBA design for Iranian elderly users by integrating eye-tracking metrics to map attention patterns and cognitive workload, addressing gaps in age-friendly HCI informed by brain mapping principles.
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Methods:
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Mixed-methods study in three phases .Target: Iranian elderly ≥60 years with basic digital literacy; purposive sampling.
Phase 1: Heuristic evaluation of six Iranian MBAs by 3 HCI experts (SMASH checklist; 135 issues, e.g., 20.7% error prevention). Semi-structured interviews with 30 elderly (mean age 65.8±4.2 years; 60% male) identified themes (e.g., 86% poor font readability). Questionnaires (SUS, EUS, UEQ, UCD) by 50 elderly (mean age 67.1±5.3 years); analyzed via SPSS 26 (t-tests, ANOVA, α=0.05).
Phase 2: Participatory prototype design (ISO 9241-210). 15 elderly in 3 co-design sessions prioritized needs (e.g., Persian calendar). Features: >18pt fonts (4.5:1 contrast, WCAG 2.1), 5-item menu, multimodal feedback, fingerprint login, visual guides. Developed in Figma/Flutter; iterated with 10-user pretest.
Phase 3: Lab trial with 80 elderly (mean age 66.4±4.8 years; 55% male), randomized to prototype (n=40) vs. original National Bank app (n=40). Tasks: login (2 min), transfer (3 min), balance check (1 min) in controlled setting (300 lux). Eye-tracking (60 Hz): fixation count, duration (ms), saccade length (pixels), time-to-first-fixation, AOI proportion, gaze entropy, heatmaps. NASA-TLX for load; SUS/ISO 9241 for usability (effectiveness %, efficiency s). Analyzed: repeated-measures ANOVA, t-tests (α=0.05, Cohen's d).
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Results:
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rototype reduced fixation count 27% overall (login: 38.83 vs. 52.72; transfer: 50.42 vs. 67.43; balance: 32.42 vs. 46.40; F(1,79)=22.4, p<0.001, d=0.92), indicating less visual search. Fixation duration shortened 18% (245±45 vs. 298±52 ms; p<0.01, d=0.78). Saccade length +22% (p<0.001). AOI fixations: 72% vs. 51% (p<0.001); gaze entropy: 2.1±0.4 vs. 3.2±0.6 bits (p<0.01). Pupil dilation lower in prototype (thesis section 4-6-4-12), suggesting reduced cognitive effort. NASA-TLX: mental demand -35% (42.5±8.2 vs. 65.3±10.1; p<0.001, d=1.15), frustration -44% (28.4±6.7 vs. 51.2±9.3; p<0.01, d=0.89). SUS: 78.5 vs. 59.0 (t(79)=12.3, p<0.001, d=1.42). Task time -24% (112±22 vs. 147±28 s; p<0.001); effectiveness 92% vs. 68%. Heatmaps: focused prototype attention vs. scattered original.
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Conclusion:
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Eye-tracking, including pupil dilation, revealed neurocognitive benefits of simplified designs, reducing overload in elderly MBA use. Brain mapping tools advance inclusive HCI. Recommend elderly heuristics for developers. Future: longitudinal, multicultural validation
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| Attachment:
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| Keywords:
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Eye-tracking, Elderly users, Mobile banking usability, Attention patterns, Cognitive workload
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| Key message:
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