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نمایش مقاله

Title:

Historical Models of Behavioral Assessment and Their Relevance to Cognitive–Social Applications of Brain Mapping

Subject:

Cognitive-Social Applications of Brain Mapping, such as talent identification, neuroleadership, and neurocognitive recruitment

Presenter Author:
Name:	Masoud Salmani Bidgoli

Author:
Name 1:	Masoud Salmani Bidgoli - Corresponding - Presenter
Affiliation 1:	Department of History of Medicine, Faculty of Iranian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Department of Sociology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University; Selected of Iran’s National Elites Foundation

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Abstract

Original Research

introduction :

Cognitive–social uses of brain mapping such as talent evaluation, neuro-leadership, and neurocognitive profiling have structured models of behavior, cognition and decision-making ability. Although these models are sometimes portrayed as new products of neuroimaging methods, clinical evaluation of cognitive and behavioral functions dates back in medical practice. This article aims to analyze traditional and historical models of behavioral observation in Iranian Traditional Medicine and investigate their potential as conceptual precursors to current cognitive–social applications of brain mapping. The goal is not to equate with present day neuroscience, rather it is to place current assessment practices in a larger historical and clinical tradition.

Methods:

Abstract: This paper is a qualitative historical of medicine research in which I undertake a close reading of well-known Iranian Traditional Medicine sources such as The Canon of Medicine (al-Qanun fi al-Tibb) of Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and some of Rhazes (Razi) treatises along with Zakhireye Kharazmshahi of Jorjani. Subjects of analysis include behavior, cognition, temperament, memory, imagination, judgment, and capacity for decision-making as clinically described. Focus is placed on the physicians’ inferences of functions states of the brain based on their systematic observations of speech, affect, behavior, and performance in daily life. The materials are analysed within a socio-historical perspective that highlights clinical reasoning, diagnostic categorisation and the social context in which medical knowledge was used, e.g. education, professional fitness and moral responsibility.

Results:

Results of this study proved that Iranian traditional medicine had used standard and repeatable patterns to evaluate cognitive and behavioral capacities in the absence of instrumental brain representation. Physicians divided mental processes into separate yet connected capacities and tested their completeness through patterns of behavior that could be observed, rather than measurements of anatomy. These assessments were not to disease diagnosis confined but also to evaluate individuals' ability, dependability and functional ability in social context. While these models were pre-technology in terms of imaging, they were nonetheless formalized ways of knowing cognition and behaviour, informed by clinical observation and classification. By contrast, modern brain mapping technologies are based on analogous objectives of assessment, but they are operationalized as neuroimaging, signal processing, and data driven profiles.

Conclusion:

Cognitive–social aspects of brain mapping are, from a technological perspective, extensions of traditional clinical methods to evaluate human thought and behavior. Through analysis of historical antecedents in behavioral assessment, this paper contextualizes the clinical and social precursors to contemporary means of neurocognitive profiling. The identification of these precursors to modern methods does not detract from the scientific credibility of brain mapping methods, but rather illuminates the persistent clinical questions they seek to resolve. Historical dimensions in the discourse of cognitive–social brain mapping applications may improve conceptual understanding and facilitate more informed and reflexive application of such instruments in practical contexts.

Keywords:

History of Medicine; Social History of Medical Knowledge; Iranian Traditional Medicine; Behavioral Assessment; Medical Classification