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Atomoxetine Attenuates Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Wave-Induced Hippocampal Deficits in a Rat Model of PTSD
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1
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| Subject:
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Personalized Interventions and Diagnosis of Complex Neurological Disorders
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Presenter Author:
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| Name:
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Kataneh Abrari
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Author:
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| Name 1:
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Kataneh Abrari - Corresponding - Presenter
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| Affiliation 1:
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kharazmi university
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| Name 2:
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Navid Khanjani
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| Affiliation 2:
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kharazmi university
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Abstract
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Original Research
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introduction :
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic exposure to mobile phone-derived electromagnetic waves (EMW) are both associated with cognitive decline and neural impairment. Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has demonstrated neuroprotective potential. This study aimed to investigate the effects of atomoxetine on spatial memory and hippocampal integrity in rats subjected to combined PTSD and mobile phone EMW exposure.
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Methods:
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Forty-nine adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (n=7): naïve (Untreated, handled only for behavioral testing), PTSD+saline (PTSD-induced via single prolonged stress; received saline), PTSD+atomoxetine (PTSD-induced; treated with atomoxetine; 30 mg/kg), EMW+saline (Exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic waves (50 calls/day, 4 weeks); received saline), EMW+atomoxetine (EMW-exposed; treated with atomoxetine), PTSD+EMW+saline (PTSD-induced + EMW exposure; received saline), and PTSD+EMW+atomoxetine (PTSD-induced + EMW exposure; treated with atomoxetine). PTSD was induced using a long-term single stress model. EMW exposure consisted of 50 daily unanswered mobile phone calls (vibration mode) over four weeks. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze. Hippocampal cell density (CA1, CA3, DG) was assessed using cresyl violet staining and immunohistochemistry.
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Results:
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Spatial memory was significantly impaired in all saline-treated exposed groups compared to naïve controls. Atomoxetine treatment significantly improved memory performance in PTSD, EMW, and combined exposure groups. Cell counts in hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions were significantly reduced in saline-treated groups, whereas atomoxetine administration increased neuronal survival and enhanced cell proliferation in the DG.
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Conclusion:
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Spatial memory impairment was observed in PTSD animals exposed to prolonged mobile phone electromagnetic waves. This deficit may be linked to reduced hippocampal cell numbers and proliferation—an effect ameliorated by atomoxetine treatment.
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| Attachment:
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| Keywords:
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Atomoxetine, PTSD, electromagnetic waves, hippocampus, spatial memory, neuroprotection.
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| Key message:
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