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The Impact of Sleep on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Neural Mechanisms
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1
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Cognitive-Social Applications of Brain Mapping, such as talent identification, neuroleadership, and neurocognitive recruitment
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Presenter Author:
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| Name:
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Elaheh Narouei
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Author:
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| Name 1:
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Elaheh Narouei - Corresponding - Presenter
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| Affiliation 1:
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Independent Researcher, Kerman, Iran
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| Name 2:
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Majid Asadi_shekaari
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Professor at Neuroscience Research Center,Neuropharmacology Institute,Kerman University Of Medical Science, Kerman,Iran
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Abstract
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Original Research
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introduction :
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Sleep is a fundamental determinant of cognitive functioning and brain health. Although substantial evidence indicates that sleep deprivation impairs memory, attention, executive function, and emotional regulation, the underlying neural mechanisms require further synthesis. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of sleep on cognitive function by integrating evidence from neural and behavioral perspectives.
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Methods:
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A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies published between 2010 and 2024. Clinical trials, neuroimaging studies, and experimental investigations in human and animal models examining neural mechanisms and behavioral outcomes related to sleep were included. Following screening and eligibility assessment, 52 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.
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Results:
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The findings consistently demonstrated that adequate sleep, particularly slow-wave sleep and sleep-related neural oscillations, is critical for memory consolidation, cognitive flexibility, and efficient information processing. Neuroimaging evidence revealed that sleep deprivation is associated with reduced prefrontal cortex activity and heightened amygdala reactivity, contributing to impaired emotional regulation and suboptimal decision-making. Behaviorally, sleep loss was linked to deficits in executive function, prolonged reaction times, reduced sustained attention, and increased cognitive errors in complex tasks.
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Conclusion:
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This review underscores sleep as a key modulator of cognitive performance through its influence on neural circuitry involved in memory, executive control, and emotion regulation. Sleep deprivation disrupts these mechanisms, leading to clinically relevant cognitive and emotional impairments. These findings highlight the importance of sleep-focused interventions in educational, occupational, and clinical settings and support their potential role in preventing cognitive decline. Future research should further clarify sleep–brain–cognition interactions across developmental stages and clinical populations
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| Attachment:
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| Keywords:
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Sleep, Cognitive function, Neural mechanisms, Memory, Emotional regulation, Sleep deprivation, Information processing
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| Key message:
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