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Applications of Functional Brain Mapping in Presurgical Evaluation of Epilepsy in Children and Adults: Focus on Language, Memory, and Motor Functions
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| Subject:
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Brain Mapping Applications in Epilepsy – Across Pediatric and Adult Populations
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Presenter Author:
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Shamim Ghazi
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Author:
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Shamim Ghazi - Corresponding - Presenter
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| Affiliation 1:
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Assistant Professor of Speech Therapy, Babol University of Medical Sciences
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Abstract
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Original Research
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introduction :
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Epilepsy, particularly drug-resistant epilepsy, may alter the organization of functional brain networks and affect cognitive, language, and motor functions. In candidates for epilepsy surgery, accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone and identification of adjacent eloquent cortex are essential for optimizing surgical outcomes while minimizing postoperative neurological and cognitive deficits. Advances in functional brain mapping have provided complementary noninvasive approaches for evaluating these networks.To review the applications of functional brain mapping techniques in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy in children and adults, with particular emphasis on language, memory, and sensorimotor functions.
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Methods:
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A narrative review was conducted of studies published between 2020 and 2026 addressing the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), resting-state fMRI, magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), and cortical stimulation-based mapping in patients with epilepsy. Evidence regarding functional localization, language lateralization, and age-related differences was synthesized.
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Results:
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Current evidence indicates that task-based fMRI and MEG can provide clinically relevant information regarding the lateralization and localization of language, memory, and motor networks during presurgical assessment. Resting-state fMRI may offer an important complementary approach, particularly in children and patients who have difficulty performing complex cognitive tasks. Pediatric epilepsy presents unique challenges because functional organization may be influenced by age at seizure onset, lesion location, developmental stage, and neuroplasticity. Consequently, language and cognitive networks may demonstrate atypical or bilateral organization. Integration of functional mapping findings with structural neuroimaging, electrophysiological data, and neuropsychological assessment may improve the characterization of eloquent cortex and support individualized surgical planning.
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Conclusion:
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Multimodal functional brain mapping represents a valuable component of contemporary presurgical epilepsy evaluation. Combining complementary mapping techniques may improve identification of language, memory, and motor networks and potentially reduce postoperative functional morbidity. Age-specific approaches are particularly important in children, where developmental neuroplasticity may substantially influence functional organization and surgical outcomes.
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| Attachment:
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| Keywords:
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Epilepsy; Functional Brain Mapping; Presurgical Evaluation; Language Mapping; Pediatric Epilepsy
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| Key message:
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