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نمایش مقاله

Title:

The Effects of Probiotics on Mood Disorders: A Narrative Review

Subject:

Clinical Applications of Brain Mappin

Presenter Author:
Name:	Majid Sammak

Author:
Name 1:	Majid Sammak - Corresponding - Presenter
Affiliation 1:	Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

Name 2:	Alireza Raghimi Nashrudkoli
Affiliation 2:	Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

Name 3:	Sajjad Moafian
Affiliation 3:

Name 4:	Ali Jabbari
Affiliation 4:	Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

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Abstract

Original Research

introduction :

Probiotics can be defined as live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the physiological functioning of the host. In recent years, probiotics have been investigated for their possible impact on psychiatric outcomes. One of the most common mood disorders, either major depression or anxiety, are very common and often associated with inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Clinical trials indicate the possibility that probiotics could modulate the gut–brain axis, immune pathways, and microbial composition, highlighting potential benefits in the adjunct treatment of mood-related symptoms.

Methods:

In this narrative review ,various international databases and scholarly publications were utilized to gather relevant literature from 2020 to 2025.The search strategy utilized keywords such as Probiotics, Mood disorders, Clinical trials, Psychobiotics. These sources include PubMed ,Web of science and Scopus. A total of 39 articles were identified based on the inclusion criteria of English language, clinical trial design, and free full-text availability. After full-text screening, 12 studies were selected for analysis.

Results:

Evidence from the clinical trials shows different results about probiotic use in mood disorders. Some studies did not find that probiotics, like Limosilactobacillus reuteri, were better for overweight patients with low-grade inflammation, but other findings hinted that fecal formic acid might be a potential marker for how well antidepressants work. On the other hand, several treatments with multiple strains helped improve vagus nerve activity, sleep quality, and gut bacteria (like Christensenellales, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacillaceae), and more diverse gut bacteria were connected to less anxiety. Using probiotics together with SSRIs changed the body's metabolism, lowering long-chain acylcarnitines and helping mitochondrial functions, while also improving sexual problems and depressive symptoms in women. Other benefits included better thinking skills, a lasting decrease in depression scores, and less inflammatory gene expression (like IL-6). However, taking fish oil during pregnancy along with probiotics had very little effect. Overall, the findings support using probiotics, especially high-dose and multi-strain types, as safe and possibly helpful additions for mood disorders, but their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific strain and the person’s gut bacteria and metabolic makeup.

Conclusion:

Probiotics may provide a novel approach as a supplementary treatment for mood disorders mainly through modulation of the gut–brain axis, as well as metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. However, research findings related to probiotics for mood disorders are strain-specific, mutually incompatible, and accentuate the pressing need for robust randomized controlled trials with and without biomarkers to evaluate their efficacy in individualized treatment.

Keywords:

Mood disorders , Probiotics , Psychobiotics