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Gender Differences in Hemispheric Dominance Patterns in Iranian Students
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1
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| Subject:
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Cognitive-Social Applications of Brain Mapping, such as talent identification, neuroleadership, and neurocognitive recruitment
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Presenter Author:
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| Name:
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Mohammad Kazemi
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Author:
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| Name 1:
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Mohammad Kazemi - Corresponding - Presenter
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| Affiliation 1:
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M.Sc. Student in Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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| Name 2:
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Mohammad Mahdi Abbasi
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| Affiliation 2:
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M.Sc. Student in Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
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Original Research
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introduction :
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Hemispheric lateralization is a fundamental feature of brain organization, reflecting functional specialization across cerebral hemispheres. Although gender differences in hemispheric dominance have been widely discussed, most existing evidence is derived from Western or clinical populations, and large-scale data from non-Western educational samples remain limited. Examining the population-level distribution of hemispheric dominance patterns across gender can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of variability in brain lateralization. The present study investigated the association between gender and hemispheric dominance patterns in a large sample of Iranian students.
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Methods:
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This cross-sectional study included 418 students drawn from high school and university students, representing adolescents and young adults. Participants consisted of 248 males and 170 females. Hemispheric dominance was assessed using the Wagner–Wells Hemispheric Superiority Questionnaire, which classifies individuals into left-dominant, right-dominant, or neutral (balanced) hemispheric profiles. Gender differences in the distribution of hemispheric dominance patterns were examined using a chi-square test of independence. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p < .05.
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Results:
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The chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between gender and hemispheric dominance patterns, χ²(2, N = 418) = 12.35, p = .002. Male participants showed a higher frequency of left hemispheric dominance (n = 68) compared to females (n = 23), whereas female participants demonstrated a higher frequency of right hemispheric dominance (n = 78) relative to males (n = 86). Neutral hemispheric dominance was observed in both genders, with comparable distributions across groups. All expected cell frequencies exceeded the minimum required threshold, supporting the validity of the chi-square analysis. A significant linear-by-linear association further indicated a systematic relationship between gender and hemispheric dominance patterns (p = .001).
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Conclusion:
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The findings indicate that hemispheric dominance patterns are distributed differently across genders in this large sample of Iranian adolescents and young adults. These results underscore the importance of considering gender and cultural context when examining hemispheric lateralization. By providing population-based evidence from a non-Western educational sample, the present study contributes to the broader literature on individual differences in brain lateralization and highlights the need for further cross-cultural research in cognitive and behavioral neuroscience.
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| Attachment:
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| Keywords:
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Hemispheric Specialization, Brain Lateralization, Gender Differences, Students.
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| Key message:
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