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Mapping Reward and Punishment Processing During Decision-Making: A Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Source-Space Study
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1
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| Subject:
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Cognitive-Social Applications of Brain Mapping, such as talent identification, neuroleadership, and neurocognitive recruitment
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Presenter Author:
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| Name:
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Elias Ebrahimzadeh
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Author:
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| Name 1:
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Elias Ebrahimzadeh - Corresponding - Presenter
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| Affiliation 1:
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School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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| Name 2:
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Amin Mohammad Mohammadi
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| Affiliation 2:
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School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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| Name 3:
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Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
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| Affiliation 3:
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School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
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Original Research
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introduction :
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Understanding the neural feedback mechanisms underlying decision-making during reward and punishment processing is crucial for insights into brain function. Previous neuroimaging studies have often relied on separate EEG or fMRI methodologies, limiting spatiotemporal precision. This study presents the first simultaneous EEG-fMRI investigation using a modified gambling task, analyzed within a General Linear Model (GLM) framework to precisely localize the neural substrates of decision-making.
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Methods:
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We recorded simultaneous high-density (65-channel) EEG and fMRI data from 24 healthy participants performing the task. Moving beyond traditional sensor-level EEG analyses in EEG-fMRI research, our approach operates directly in the source domain. Time-series data of event-related potential (ERP) components were extracted and modeled using a GLM, providing superior spatial resolution for identifying neural activity associated with decision outcomes.
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Results:
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Our analyses revealed robust activations not only in established reward-processing regions but also, notably, in the olfactory cortex and fusiform gyrus—areas frequently overlooked in decision-making research. We identified both distinct and overlapping neural substrates for reward and punishment: while the orbitofrontal cortex and insula responded to both winning and losing outcomes, each condition elicited unique activation patterns. Specifically, winning stimuli preferentially engaged the anterior cingulate cortex and superior orbitofrontal gyrus. In contrast, losing stimuli activated the cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and medial superior frontal gyrus.
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Conclusion:
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Our analyses revealed robust activations not only in established reward-processing regions but also, notably, in the olfactory cortex and fusiform gyrus—areas frequently overlooked in decision-making research. We identified both distinct and overlapping neural substrates for reward and punishment: while the orbitofrontal cortex and insula responded to both winning and losing outcomes, each condition elicited unique activation patterns. Specifically, winning stimuli preferentially engaged the anterior cingulate cortex and superior orbitofrontal gyrus. In contrast, losing stimuli activated the cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and medial superior frontal gyrus.
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| Attachment:
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| Keywords:
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simultaneous EEG–fMRI, reward processing, gambling-based decision-making, win/loss gambling task, feedback-related negativity (FRN)
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| Key message:
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